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Foundations
- Customer Centricity
- Placing the customer at the center of decisions, grounding solutions in real needs and desired outcomes.
- Design Thinking
- A human-centered, iterative approach to understanding problems and creating solutions through empathy and experimentation.
- Desirable, Feasible, Viable, Sustainable
- The lenses of a good solution: customers want it, it can be built, it makes business sense, and it can be sustained.
- Problem Space vs. Solution Space
- Understanding the customer's problem before designing a solution, to ensure you solve the right problem.
- Beginner's Mind
- Approaching problems with curiosity and without assumptions to see needs freshly.
Empathize
- Empathy
- Deeply understanding customers' needs, feelings, and context, the starting point of design thinking.
- Customer Research
- Gathering insight through interviews, observation, and immersion in the customer's world.
- Empathy Map
- A tool capturing what a customer says, thinks, does, and feels to build shared understanding.
- Personas
- Research-based archetypes of target customers that keep design grounded in real needs.
- Customer Journey Map
- A visualization of the stages, actions, and emotions a customer experiences, revealing pain points and opportunities.
Define
- Problem Definition
- Framing a clear, customer-focused problem statement that guides ideation.
- Point of View (POV)
- A statement of a specific user, their need, and an insight, focusing the design challenge.
- How Might We
- Reframing problems as open questions that invite creative solutions.
- Jobs to Be Done
- Understanding the underlying job a customer is trying to accomplish, beyond the surface request.
Ideate
- Ideation
- Generating a wide range of solution ideas before narrowing, separating divergent from convergent thinking.
- Brainstorming
- A group technique to generate many ideas quickly by deferring judgment.
- Diverge then Converge
- Expanding options broadly, then narrowing to the most promising to pursue.
Prototype
- Prototyping
- Building quick, low-cost representations of ideas to make them tangible and testable.
- Minimum Viable Product (MVP)
- The smallest solution that can validate value with real customers before larger investment.
- Low-Fidelity Prototype
- A rough model (sketch, wireframe) used to explore and get feedback cheaply and fast.
Test
- Testing with Users
- Putting prototypes in front of real customers to learn what works and what to change.
- Build-Measure-Learn
- A loop of creating, testing, and learning to iterate toward a better solution.
- Iterate
- Refining the solution based on feedback, repeating the cycle until it meets customer needs.
Applying It
- Customer Centricity in Delivery
- Embedding customer focus throughout development so teams continuously build the right thing.